Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) operate by moving heat between your indoor and outdoor environment.
In the winter, they absorb heat from the outside air (even at below freezing temperatures!) and move it into your living space. In the summer, the cycle is reversed and they absorb heat in your home and move it outside.
ASHPs comprise an indoor and outdoor unit, which are connected by a refrigerant—a substance that readily absorbs or releases heat based on its temperature compared to the surrounding air (see figure right).
ASHPs are incredibly efficient compared to other heating systems like boilers, furnaces, and electric baseboards. For every 1 kWh spent running an ASHP, they yield over 3 kWh of heat and remove as much in summer. This often results in lower utility costs (especially for homes using oil, propane, or electric resistance) and a lower carbon footprint.